The Environmental Performance Index (EPI), published biennially by Yale University’s Center for Environmental Law & Policy and Columbia University’s Center for International Earth Science Information Network, ranks 180 countries based on 58 performance indicators across 11 issue categories. These categories cover climate change mitigation, air quality, sanitation, biodiversity, waste management, and more. The 2024 EPI focuses on progress toward UN Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement, and biodiversity targets like the 30×30 goal. Scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best), with higher scores indicating stronger environmental performance.